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Presence of platinum cannot be ruled out in Jharkhand State of India. by Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi Platinum may be considered one of the precious metals since it is more costly than gold. About 60 percent of that consumed in the United States is for jewelry purposes. It was once used for coinage in Russia until its value exceeded that of the coins. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina del Pinto, which is literally translated into "little silver of the Pinto River. The metal has an excellent resistance to corrosion and high temperatures and has stable electrical properties. Platinum is only one of a group of related metals consisting of osmium, iridium, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium. They are not only associated together but also are generally alloyed, and are called, therefore the “platinum metals.” They are very heavy, insoluble in most acids, melt at temperatures of 1,549 degree to 2,700 degree C, and range in hardness from 4.8 to over 7. Iridium is the heaviest m...

These are some of the beautiful places in North East India. by Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi

Rainfall is not an accurate indicator of groundwater recharge. by Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi Water is essential to people and the largest available source of fresh water lies underground. Ground water is the part of precipitation that seeps down through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated with water. Water in the ground is stored in the spaces between rock particles. Increased demands for water have affected the level of under groundwater. The demand for water has increased over the years and this has led to water scarcity in many parts of the world. The situation is aggravated by the problem of water pollution or contamination. World is heading towards a freshwater crisis mainly due to improper management of water resources and environmental degradation, which has lead to a lack of access to safe water supply to millions of people. This freshwater crisis is already evident in many parts of world, varying in scale and intensity depending mainly on the time of the year...

Known reserves of minerals may not last long. by Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi The use of minerals has been instrumental in raising the standard of living of mankind. The names of the minerals and their products have been used to christen various eras of civilization, such as the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Nuclear Age. The sophisticated world of today is largely the result of the enlarged use of minerals, whether it be as fertilizer for food, coal, petroleum, natural gas and atomic energy as sources of power, or countless other necessities of life, like automobiles, aero planes, ships, modern communications and a host of chemicals which are derived from the use of minerals. Minerals thus form a part and parcel of our daily life. Since the beginning of this century the use of minerals has been greatly diversified and expanded. Their consumption has shown an unprecedented increase, year after year. It has been estimated that the quantity of mineral consumed in the last 70 y...

Ranchi the capital city of Jharkhand State in India is expanding both vertical and horizontal resulting in lots of problem . by Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi As more and more people leave villages and farms to live in cities, urban growth results. Urbanization occurs naturally from individual and corporate efforts to reduce time and expense in commuting and transportation while improving opportunities for jobs, education, housing, and transportation. Living in cities permits individuals and families to take advantage of the opportunities of proximity, diversity, and marketplace competition. People move into cities to seek economic opportunities. In rural areas, often on small family farms, it is difficult to improve one's standard of living beyond basic sustenance. Farm living is dependent on unpredictable environmental conditions, and in times of drought, flood or pestilence, survival becomes extremely problematic. Cities, in contrast, are known to be places where money, services and wea...

How we calculate age of Groundwater? by Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi photo credit: http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/karst/img/features/arbuckle/vendomeWell.jpg Groundwater age, based on measurement of the concentrations of chemical and isotopic substances in water, refers to the time elapsed since the introduction of the chemical or isotopic substance into the water, or to be more precise, the time elapsed since the chemical or isotopic substance was recharged and isolated from the modern reservoir. For example, some of the rain that falls on an area percolates (trickles) down through soil and rock until it reaches the water table. Once this water reaches the water table, it moves though the aquifer. The time it takes to travel to a given location, known as the groundwater age, can vary from days to thousands of years. Although we often refer to dating of groundwater, we are actually dating a chemical substance that is dissolved in the groundwater, not the water itself. Rather than referring to g...

Jharkhand coal contains trace amount of Uranium in North Karanpura coal field. by Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi Coal is largely composed of organic matter, but it is the inorganic matter in coal—minerals and trace elements— that have been cited as possible causes of health, environmental, and technological problems associated with the use of coal. Some trace elements in coal are naturally radioactive. These radioactive elements include uranium (U), thorium (Th), and their numerous decay products, including radium (Ra) and radon (Rn). Although these elements are less chemically toxic than other coal constituents such as arsenic, selenium, or mercury, questions have been raised concerning possible risk from radiation. Uranium association with coal has a long history. There is a continuing interest in uranium in coal, because it is a source of radioactivity and because it may be an economic source of uranium. It is just 200 years since the discovery of uranium by M.H. Klaproth. The first detecti...