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The waterfalls of Ranchi plateau are due to disturbances in late geological age. By Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi Fig.1 Johna falls is the example of waterfalls resulting from upliftment.  Fig.2 Dasam falls formed due to upliftment.   Fig. 3 Hundru falls is the example of knickpoint falls. A waterfall is a place where water flows over a vertical drop in the course of a stream or river. Waterfalls are also called cascades. Waterfalls are commonly formed when a river is young. At these times the channel is often narrow and deep. When the river courses over resistant bedrock, erosion happens slowly, while downstream the erosion occurs more rapidly. As the watercourse increases its velocity at the edge of the waterfall, it plucks material from the riverbed. Whirlpools created in the turbulence as well as sand and stones carried by the watercourse increase the erosion capacity. This causes the waterfall to carve deeper into the bed and to recede upstream. Often over time, the waterfa...

Origin source is under threat. by Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi Fig.1 In year 2009 the origin source was emitting full of water. Fig.2. In year 2011 source is completely dried. Fig.3. In year 2009 area near the source well was filled with water and vegetation. Fig.4. In year 2011, only small rivulet is left. Green vegetation has vanished. Few days ago I with my three friends decided to visit the origin place of the famous Subarnarekha (Swarnrekha) River of Jharkhand State in India. This was my third visit. My friends were more curious to see how Subarnarekha originates from the place. This place is 30 kms form the Ranchi city, the capital of Jharkhand State. My friends were imagining that area must be full of greeneries and water. As we were approaching the area our excitement was mounting up. Our car stopped few hundred meters before the spot. We came out of the car and looked around in the clean atmosphere. But what we saw was only dry soils and rocks with very less surface water which ...